Publications by CS Faculty & Students

* An asterisk following a name indicates a student author.

Accepted for Publication

K. Derr* and Milos Manic, “Wireless Indoor Location Estimation Based on Neural Network RSS Signature Recognition (LENSR),” ICIEA 2008, 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Singapore, June 3-5, 2008.

K. McCarty* and Milos Manic, “Line-of-Sight Tracking Based Upon Modern Heuristics Approach,” ICIEA 2008, 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Singapore, June 3-5, 2008.

L.A. Wahsheh* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Security Policy Development: Towards a Life-Cycle and Logic-Based Verification Model," American Journal of Applied Sciences.

H. Wei*, Jim Alves-Foss, Terence Soule, H. Pforsich, D. Zhang and D. Frincke, "A Layered Decision Model for the Design of Cost-effective Network Defense," International Journal of Information and Computer Security.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Insect Population Inspired Wireless Sensor Networks: A Unified Architecture with Survival Analysis, Evolutionary Game Theory, and Hybrid Fault Models," IEEE International Conference of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, BMEI, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Insect Sensory Systems Inspired Computing and Communications" to appear in Ad Hoc Networks, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings , "Survival Analysis Modeling of Phylogenetic and Coalescent Trees," IEEE  International Conference of Biomedical Engineering and Infomatics, BMEI, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma*, Axel Krings, and Robert Hiromoto, "Multivariate Survival Analysis (II):  An Overview of Multi-State Models in Biomedicine and Engineering Reliability," IEEE  International Conference of Biomedical Engineering and Infomatics, BMEI, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Edward Bechinski, "A Survival-Analysis based Simulation Model for Russian Wheat Aphid Population Dynamics to appear in Ecological Modeling," 2008.

Samir Jafar, Axel Krings and Thierry Gautier, "Flexible Rollback Recovery in Dynamic Heterogeneous Grid Computing," to appear in IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.

Terence Soule and Robert Heckendorn, "Improving Performance and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Systems," to appear in Genetic Programming, Theory and Practice V, Spring, 2007.

Published in 2008

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma. * and Axel Krings, "Spatial Distribution Patterns, Power Law, and the Agent-based Directed Diffusion Sensor Networks," Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2008), Hong Kong, March 17 - 21, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Dynamic Populations in Genetic Algorithms," SIGAPP, the 23rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Ceara Brazil, March 16-20, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Survival Analysis Approach to Reliability Analysis and Prognostics  and Health Management (PHM),"  Proc. IEEE-AIAA AeroSpace Conference, Big Sky, MT (USA), March 1-8, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Competing Risks Analysis of Reliability, Survivabilty, and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM)," Proc. IEEE-AIAA AeroSpace Conference, Big Sky, MT (USA), March 1-8, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Bio-Robustness and Fault Tolerance:  A New Perspective on Reliable, Survivable and Evolovable Network Systems," Proc. IEEE-AIAA AeroSpace Conference, Big Sky, MT (USA), March 1-8, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Multivariate Survival Analysis(I): Shared Frailty Approaches to Reliability and Dependence Modeling," Proc. IEEE-AIAA AeroSpace Conference, Big Sky, MT (USA), March 1-8, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam)  Ma*, Axel Krings, and Robert Hiromoto, "Insect Sensory Systems Inspired Communication and Computing (II):  An Engineering Perspective," IEEE-ACM International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing, (BioSignals 2008), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, Jan 28-31, 2008.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Edward Bechinski, "Developmental and Phenological Modeling of Russian Wheat Aphid," Annals of Entomological Society of America, Vol. 101(2):351-361, 2008.

J. Zhou* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Security Policy Refinement and Enforcement in Secure Computer Systems Design", Journal of Computer Security, 16(2):107-131, 2008.

Daniel Evans* and Mark Manwaring, "Modeling the Interaction of Lasers and Tissue:  Importance of Accounting for Time Varying Electric Properties," SPIE Photonics West, San Jose, CA (USA), Jan 2008.

Michael Wilder* and Clinton Jeffery, "Towards Fast Incremental Hashing of Large Bit Vectors," Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-41, track on Algorithmic Challenges in Emerging Applications on Computing, Jan 2008.

Published in 2007

L. Wahsheh* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Policy-Based Security for Wireless Components in High Assurance Systems," Journal of Computer Science, 3(9): 727-739, 2007.

D. Manz*, Jim Alves-Foss and S. Zheng*. ``A Network Simulator for Group Key Management Algorithms'', Journal Information Assurance and Security, 2(2), 2007.

S. Zheng*, D. Manz* and Jim Alves-Foss. “A Communication-Computation Efficient Group Key Algorithm For Large and Dynamic Groups,” Computer Networks, 51(1):69-73, 2007. [Abstract]

Armand Bankhead* and Robert Heckendorn, "Using Evolvable Genetic Cellular Automata to Model Breast Cancer," Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, V8 N4, p 381 - 393, Springer US, December 2007. [Abstract]

Stanley Gotshall*, Kathy Browder, Jessica Sampson*, Terence Soule, and Richard Wells, "Stochastic Optimization of a Biologically Plausible Spino-neuromuscular System Model - A Comparison with Human Subjects," Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, V8 N4, pp 355 - 380, Springer US, December 2007. [Abstract]

Jeffrey Choi Robinson*, W. Scott Harrison, Nadine Hanebutte, Paul Oman, and Jim Alves-Foss, “Implementing Middleware for Content Filtering and Information Flow Control,” Proc. Computer Security Architecture Workshop, pp 47-53, Nov 2, 2007. [Abstract]

N. Guillermo* and Milos Manic, “NFuSA – Neuro-Fuzzy Algorithm for Sparing in RAID Systems,” IEEE IECON07, Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 2007.

W. Boyer and Miles McQueen, "Ideal Based Cyber Security Technical Metrics for Control Systems," CRITIS'07 2nd International Workshop on Critical Information Infrastructures Security, Oct 3-5, 2007.

E. William*, Milos Manic and B. Johnson, “ANN Relays Used to Determine Fault Locations on Shipboard Electrical Distribution Systems,” NAPS'07, North American Power Symposium 2007, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (USA), Sep 30 - Oct 2, 2007.

K. Derr* and Milos Manic, “Intelligent Control in Automation Based on Wireless Traffic Analysis,” 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA’07, Patras, Greece, Sep 25-28, 2007.

N. Guillermo* and Milos Manic, “Fuzzy Control of Sparing in Disk Arrays,” 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA’07, Patras, Greece, Sep 25-28, 2007.

Zhanshan (Sam) Ma* and Axel Krings, "Insect Sensory Systems Inspired Computing and Communication (1): A Biological Perspective," Technical report, TR-CS-09-01-2007, University of Idaho, Computer Science Department, Sep 4, 2007. [pdf].

J. Son* and J. Alves-Foss, "High Level Specification of Non-Interference Security Policies in Partitioned MLS system", in Proc. IASTED International Conf. on Communication, Network and Information Security (CNIS 2007), pp. 83-89, Sept. 2007.

Daniel Evans* and Mark Manwaring," Modeling the Time Varying Electric Properties of Tissue," Biomedical Engineering Society Conference, Hollywood, California (USA), Sept 2007.

N. Guillermo*, Milos Manic, "Predictive E-Mail Server Performability Analysis Based on Fuzzy Arithmetic,” 20th International Joint INNS-IEEE Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2007, Orlando, Florida, Aug 12-17, 2007.

L.A. Wahsheh* and Jim Alves-Foss, “Using Policy Enforcement Graphs in a Separation-Based High Assurance Architecture”, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, Aug 2007, pp 183-189. [Abstract]

H. Wei*, Jim Alves-Foss and D. Zhang, “Rationality Validation of a Layered Decision Model for Network Defense,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, Aug 2007, pp 85-90. [Abstract]

Daniel Evans* and Mark Manwaring," Modeling the Interaction of Electric Current and Tissue: Importance of Accounting for Time Varying Electric Properties," 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Lyon, France, Aug 2007.

D. Dudenhoeffer*, P. Permann*, S. Woolsey, R. Timpany, T. McDermott, C. Miller, and Milos Manic, “Interdependency Modeling and Emergency Response,” Summer Computer Simulation Conference 2007 (SCSC 2007, San Diego, CA (USA), Jul 15-18, 2007.

Stan Gotshall*, and Terence Soule, "Stochastic Optimization of a Biologically Plausible Spino-neural Muscle Control Simulation," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2007), pp 253-260, Jul 7 - 11, 2007.

Russell Thomason* and Terence Soule, "Novel Ways of Improving Cooperation and Performance in Ensemble Classifiers," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2007), pp 1708-1715, Jul 7 - 11, 2007.

H. Wei*, Jim Alves-Foss and D. Zhang, “Modelling and Simulation of the Layered Decision Framework for Cost-effective Network Defense,” Proc. International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Jul 2007, pp 105-110.

Albert Carlson*, Robert Hiromoto, and Richard Wells, "An Information-Based Approach to Cryptography," the Sixth Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications," Elk, Poland, June 28-30, 2007.

Frederick Sheldon, Axel Krings, Seong-Moo Yoo, and Ali Mili (Editors), Proceedings of the Third Annual Cyber Security and Information Infrastructure Research Workshop, (CSIIRW07), "Towards Comprehensive Strategies that meet the Cyber Security Challenges of the 21st Century," May 14-15, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2007. [Large-28MByte.pdf]

Axel Krings, "Survivability in Wireless Networks: A Case for Overhead Reduction", Third Annual Cyber Security and Information Infrastructure Research Workshop, CSIIRW07 , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, May 14-15, 2007. [pdf].

K. Derr* and Milos Manic, “Computational Intelligence Technologies in Bluetooth Traffic Analysis,” Idaho Academy of Science 49th Annual Meeting and Symposium, Idaho Falls, Apr 19-21, 2007.

D. Barnes* and Milos Manic, “STRICR - Hiragana Character Recognition Algorithm,” Idaho Academy of Science 49th Annual Meeting and Symposium, Idaho Falls, ID (USA), Apr 19-21, 2007.

Daniel Evans* and Mark Manwaring," Modeling the Interaction of Electric Current and Tissue: Varying Dielectric Properties," Idaho Academy of Science Symposium, Idaho Falls, ID (USA), Apr 2007.

Robert Hiromoto and Milos Manic, "Information-Based Algorithmic Design Of A Neural Network Classifier," International Journal of Computing, Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2006, pp. 87-98, ISSN 1727-6209, Spring 2007.

Richard T. Saunders, Clinton Jeffery, and Derek T. Jones, "A Portable Framework for High-Speed Parallel Producer/Consumers on Real CMP, SMT, and SMP Architectures," 2nd IPDPS Workshop on Performance Optimization for High-Level Languages and Libraries, Long Beach CA, Mar 2007.

Daniel Evans* and Mark Manwaring," Electric Current Model of Varying Tissue Properties," COMSOL Multiphysics Conference, Boston, MA (USA), Mar 2007

J. Robinson* and Jim Alves-Foss, “A High Assurance MLS File Server,” ACM Operating Systems Review, 41(1):45-53, Jan 2007. [Abstract]

Virginia Junk, William Junk, and Brenda Toevs*, “Techniques to Engage the Online Learner,” Proceedings of the 2007 Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, HI, Jan 6-9, 2007.

D. Conte de Leon*, Jim Alves-Foss, & Paul Oman, “Implementation-Oriented Secure Architectures,” Paper ST14-01, Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, Jan 3-6,2007. [Abstract]

Terence Soule and Robert Heckendorn, "Evolutionary Optimization of Cooperative Heterogeneous Teams," SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, Vol. 6563, 2007.

C. Shyu*, Terence Soule, S. Bent*, J. Foster, and L. Forney, "MiCA: A Web-Based Tool for the Analysis of Microbial Communities Based on Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S and 18S rRNA Genes," Microbial Ecology, Volume 53:4, pp 562-570, 2007.

Paul Oman & M. Phillips*, “Intrusion Detection and Event Monitoring in SCADA Networks,” Chapter 12 in Critical Infrastructure Protection, pp. 161-174, (E. Goetz & S. Shenoi, eds.) Springer, New York, NY, 2007.

A. Piszcz*, and Terence Soule, "Genetic Programming: Parametric Analysis of Structure Altering Mutation Techniques", Parameter Setting in Evolutionary Algorithms, Chapter 7, pp. 143-160, Springer, Series in Computational Intelligence 54, 2007.

Published in 2006

D. Dudenhoeffer*, M. Permann*, and Milos Manic, "CIMS: A Framework For Infrastructure Interdependency Modeling And Analysis," Winter Simulation Conf. '06, WSC'06, Portola Plaza Hotel, Monterey, CA USA, Dec 3-6, 2006.

John Munson, Axel Krings and Robert Hiromoto, "The Architecture of a Reliable Software Monitoring System for Embedded Software Systems," ANS 2006 Winter Meeting and Nuclear Technology Expo, 2006. [pdf].

X. Ou, W. Boyer, and Miles McQueen, "A Scalable approach to Attack Graph Generation," 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS'06, Alexandria, Virginia, USA, Oct 30 - Nov 3, 2006.

S. Zheng, Jim Alves-Foss and S. Lee, "The Effect of Rebalancing on the Performance of a Group Key Agreement Protocol," IEEE LCN Workshop on Network Security, pp 983-989, Nov 2006.

J. Zhou* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Architecture-Based Refinements for Secure Computer Systems Design," Proc. Policy, Security and Trust, pp 89-102, Nov 2006.

Axel Krings and Zhanshan Ma*, "Fault-Models in Wireless Communication: Towards Survivable Ad Hoc Networks," MILCOM 2006, Military Communications Conference, Oct 23-25, 2006. [pdf].

P. Manadhata, M. Flynn, Miles McQueen, J. Wing, “Measuring the Attack Surface of Two FTP Daemons,” Proceedings 2nd Workshop on Quality of Protection, Oct 2006

D. Conte de Leon* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Hidden Implementation Dependencies in High Assurance and Critical Computing Systems," IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, 32(10):790-811, Oct 2006.

B. Wang* and Jim Alves-Foss, "An MSLS-EMM for Enforcing Confidentiality in Malicious Environments, IASTED Internation Conference on Communication, Network and Information Security (CNIS 2006), pp 126-131, Oct 2006.

J. Son* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Covert Timing Channel Capacity of Rate Monotonic Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm in MLS Systems,"  IASTED International Conference on Communication, Network and Information Security (CNIS 2006), pp 13-19, Oct 2006.

L. Wahshel and Jim Alves-Foss, "Specifying and Enforcing a Multi-Policy Paradigm for High Assurance Embedded Systems," International Journal of High Speed Networks, 15(3):315-327, Oct 2006.

Diego Caamaño*, P. Goodwin, and Milos Manic, “Derivation of a Bedload Sediment Transport Formula using Artificial Neural Networks,” The 7th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Nice, France, Sep 4 - 8, 2006.

H. Wei* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Applying a Layered Decision Model to the Design of Language-Based Security Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration," pp 182-197, Sep 2006

N. Guillermo* and Milos Manic, “Fuzzy Performability Analysis of Disk Arrays,” IEEE Int. Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE’06, Montréal, Canada, Jul 9 - 13, 2006.

J. Jones*, Terence Soule, "Comparing Genetic Robustness in Generational vs. Steady State Evolutionary Algorithms," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2006), pp 143-149, Jul 8 - 12, 2006.

X. Zhong*, and Terence Soule, "Growth of Self-Canceling Genes in Evolutionary Systems," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2006), pp 223-229, Jul 8 - 12, 2006.

A. Piszcz*, and Terence Soule, "Dynamics of Evolutionary Robustness," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2006), pp 871-877, Jul 8 - 12, 2006.

A. Piszcz* and Terence Soule, "Genetic Programming: Optimal Population Sizes for Varying Complexity Problems," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2006), pp 953-954, Jul 8 - 12, 2006.

A. Piszcz* and Terence Soule, "A Survey of Mutation Techniques in Genetic Programming," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2006), pp. 951-952, Jul 8 - 12, 2006.

J. Son* and Jim Alves-Foss, "Covert Timing Channel Analysis of Rate Monotonic Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm in MLS Systems," Proceeding of the IEEE Information Assurance Workshop, pp 361-368, Jun 2006.

C. Taylor, Jim Alves-Foss and V. Freeman, "An Academic Perspective on the CNSS Standards:  A Survey," Proceedings of the 10th Colloquium for Information systems Security Education, June 2006.

Robert Hiromoto and Milos Manic, "Information-Based Algorithmic Design," Int. Conference on Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence, (ICNNAI 2006), Brest, Belarus, May 31 - Jun 3, 2006.

Axel Krings, "Fault-Models in Wireless Communication: Towards Survivable Wireless Networks", Second Annual Cyber Security and Information Infrastructure Research Workshop, (CSIIRW006), "Beyond the Maginot Line," May 10-11, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2006. [pdf].

A. Piszcz* and Terence Soule, "Genetic Programming: Analysis of Optimal Mutation Rates in a Problem with Varying Difficulty," Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, pp 451-456, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, May 11- 13, 2006.

Frederick Sheldon, Axel Krings, Seong-Moo Yoo, Ali Mili and Joseph Trien (Editors), Proceedings of the Second Annual Cyber Security and Information Infrastructure Research Workshop, (CSIIRW006), "Beyond the Maginot Line," Oak Ridge National Laboratory, May 10-11, 2006. [Large-46MByte.pdf].

K. King*, D. Manz*, P. Ortman*, D. Shikashio*, & Paul Oman, “A Rapidly Reconfigurable Computer Lab for Software Engineering Security Experiments and Exercises,” Workshop on Secure Software Engineering Education & Training, in conjunction with the 19th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, Turtle Bay, Oahu, HI, April 19-21, 2006.

Ziad al Sharif* and Clinton Jeffery, "Adding High Level VoIP Facilities to the Unicon Language," Third International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, ITNG 2006, Las Vegas, Apr 2006.

Miles McQueen, W. Boyer, M. Flynn, and R. Alessi, "Quantitative Risk Estimation Tool for Control Systems: Suggested Approach and Research Needs," CNIP'06 – International Workshop on Complex Network & Infrastructure Protection, Rome, Italy, pp 209-224, Mar 28 - 29, 2006.

B. Rossebo*, Paul Oman, Jim Alves-Foss, R. Blue*, & P. Jaszkowiak*, “Using Spark Ada to Model and Verify a MILS Message Router,” IEEE International Symposium on Secure Software Engineering, pp 7-14, Arlington, VA, March 13-15, 2006.

S. Zheng*, D. Manz*, Jim Alves-Foss and Y. Chen, "Security and Performance of Group Key Agreement Protocols," Proceedings of IASTED Networks and Communication Systems, pp 321-327, March 2006.

M. Benke*, A. Abdel-Rahim, Paul Oman, and B. Johnson, “Assessing Transportation Network Security and Survivability: A Case Study of a Small Urban Traffic Signal System,” Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting, Paper # 06-2998, Washington, DC, Jan 22-26, 2006.

Axel Krings, Paul Oman, and Azad Azadmanesh, "Security and Survivability of Unbounded Networked Systems," 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (HICSS-39), Minitrack on Security and Survivability of Unbounded Networked Systems, Jan 4-7, 2006. [pdf].

S. Caltagirone*, P. Ortman*, S. Melton*, D. Manz*, K. King*, and Paul Oman, “Design and Implementation of a Multi-use Attack-Defend Computer Security Lab,” Paper STISE09, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Poipu, HI, Jan 4-7, 2006.

Miles McQueen, W. Boyer, M. Flynn, and G. Beitel, "Quantitative Cyber Risk Reduction Estimation Methodology for a Small SCADA Control System," Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-39, pp 226, Jan 2006.

Gustav Verhulsdonck* and Clinton Jeffery, "Remembrance of Things Past: Using Maps and Routes to Navigate through Virtual Environment Experiences," Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-39, Jan 2006.

Terence Soule, "Resilient Individuals Improve Search," Journal of Artificial Life,  V12 N1: 17-34., Jan 2006.

W. Scott Harrison, N. Hanebutte and Jim Alves-Foss, "Programming Education in the Era of the Internet:  A Paradigm Shift," Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp 219.2, Jan 2006.

Terence Soule, R. Riolo, and B. Worzel, "Genetic Programming: Theory and Practice," Genetic Programming, Theory and Practice V, Chapter 1, Springer, 2006.

Terence Soule and P. Komireddy*, "Orthogonal Evolution of Teams: A Class of Algorithms for Evolving Teams with Inversely Correlated Errors," Genetic Programming, Theory and Practice IV, Chapter 6, Springer, 2006.

Terence Soule, R. Riolo, and B. Worzel, "Genetic Programming: Theory and Practice," Genetic Programming, Theory and Practice IV, Chapter 1, pp. 1-10, Springer, 2006.

J. Alves-Foss, W. S. Harrison, Paul Oman and C. Taylor, “The MILS Architecture for High-Assurance Embedded Systems,” International Journal of Embedded Systems, Vol. 2(3/4), pp 239-247, 2006. [Abstract]

S. Butapati*, R. Kalidindi*, M. Benke*, A. Abdel-Rahim, Paul Oman & B. Johnson, “A Case Study of Critical Point Identification in the Physical and Communication Layers of a Small Urban Transportation System,” International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Vol. 2(4), pp 319-330, 2006.

M. Benke*, A. Abdel-Rahim, Paul Oman, and B. Johnson, “Case Study of a Survivability Analysis of a Small Intelligent Transportation System,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1944, pp. 98-106, TRB of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006.